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考研英语阅读理解短语一1
随着一年一度的研究生入学考试的结束，2015年的研究生入学考试慢慢临近，现在2015年考研的同学最关心的就是今年的真题了，所以我们在这里给出今年考研英语(一)的真题--阅读理解部分，仅供各位同学参考!
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语 (一) 试题阅读理解
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, D. Mark your choice on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit―and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?
More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsides laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”―protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.
Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.
But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency ―permanent dependency if you can get it ― supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase “jobseeker’s allowance” is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at ￡71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.
21. George Osborne’s scheme was intended to
[A] provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.
[B] encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking.
[C] motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.
[D] guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to benefits.
22. The phrase “to sign on”(Line3, Para.2)most probably means
[A] to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.
[B] to accept the government’s restriction on the allowance.
[C] to register for an allowance form the government.
[D] to attend a government job-training program.
23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?
[A] A desire to secure a better life for all
[B] An eagerness to protect the unemployed.
[C] An urge to be generous to the claimants.
[D] A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.
24.According to Paragraph 3，being unemployed makes one feel
[A]uneasy
[B]enraged
[C]insulted
[D]guilty
25.To which of the following would the author most probably agree?
[A] The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.
[B] Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.
[C] The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.
[D] Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.
考研英语阅读理解短语一2
考研英语阅读理解必考的短语（一）
20全国硕士研究生统一考试复习已经开始，以下是年考研英语阅读理解必考的短语：
1.abide by （=be faithful to； obey）忠于；遵守。
2.be absent from…。缺席，不在
3.absence or mind （=being absent-minded）心不在焉
4.absorb （=take up the attention of）吸引…的注意力（被动语态）： be absorbed in全神贯注于…近： be engrossed in； be lost in； be rapt in； be concentrated on； be focused on； be centered on
5.（be） abundant in （be rich in； be well supplied with）富于，富有
6.access （to） （不可数名词）能接近，进入，了解
7.by accident （=by chance， accidentally）偶然地，意外。 Without accident （=safely）安全地，
8.of one"s own accord （=without being asked； willingly； freely）自愿地，主动地
9.in accord with与…一致。 out of one"s accord with同…。不一致
10.with one accord （=with everybody agreeing）一致地
11.in accordance with （=in agreement with）依照，根据
12.on one"s own account 1）为了某人的"缘故，为了某人自己的利益2）（=at one"s own risk）自行负责3）（=by oneself）依靠自己on account赊账； on account of因为； on no account不论什么原因也不； of …account有………重要性。
13.take…into account （=consider）把……考虑进去
14.give sb. an account of说明，解释（理由）
15.account for （=give an explanation or reason for）解释，说明。
16.on account of （=because of）由于，因为。
17.on no account （=in no case， for no reason）绝不要，无论如何不要（放句首时句子要倒装）
18.accuse…of…（=charge…with； blame sb. for sth.； blame sth. on sb.； complain about）指控，控告
19.be accustomed to （=be in the habit of， be used to）习惯于。
20.be acquainted with （=to have knowledge of）了解； （=to have met socially）熟悉
21.act on奉行，按照…行动； act as扮演； act for代理
22.adapt oneself to （=adjust oneself to）使自己适应于
考研英语阅读理解短语一3
21 答案 A Physical beauty would be redefined
解析：这是一道细节题，根据France定位到第一段第一句，主干成分为France has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty。此外第二段第二句They suggest beauty should not be define by looks…故而A physical beauty would be redefined为同义替换，即为正确答案。
22 答案 D doing harm to
解析：此题为词义题。定位到第二段第二句They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. 根据end up 可以看出beauty should not be defined by looks 和that end up impinging on health为顺承关系，所以“改变人们对美不仅仅是外表的定义”可以结束对健康的危害。故而可以推知doing harm to是正确答案。
23 答案 B New Standards are being set in Denmark
解析：此题是正误判断题。根据第五段第二句话 In Denmark,…it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion…可知B选项 New standards are being set in Denmark是其同义替换。
24 答案 C showing little concern for health factors
解析：细节题。一个设计师很可能因为什么原因被CFW拒绝，根据关键词可回到文中定位至倒数第二段，首句说丹麦的时尚界就有关模特的年龄，健康及其他特性的内容达成一致意见，切一项新法案也明确规定，他们已经意识到时尚界对于人们尤其是年轻人的身体健康所带来的影响，并且该对此负责，接着下一句就说，这一法规的执行方式就是拒绝一些设计师，因为可以推断设计师很可能因为不考虑身体健康因素而被CFW拒绝。
25 答案 D A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals
解析：主旨题。本文从首段就开始阐述法国的观点，即时尚界已经失去了定义女性身体之美的权利，且议会也禁止网站通过宣传过度节食来强调过度消瘦。二段继续说明美丽不能只看外表更不能以牺牲健康为代价。三段说女性不该让他人来评判自己的美丽。以及后面的段落中也一直在不断说明一点，即健康很重要，不能只看外表。所以文章最佳标题应该是D，对时尚界完美身材的质疑。
26 答案 D is not well reflected in politics
解析：细节题。精读题干，划出关键词。根据题干回到原文精确定位到首段最后一句，该句中的polls民意调查对应题干中的public sentiment，定位答案处为“this has limited political support”，意思为这在政治支持方面是有限的。与D选项“在政治上没有得到很好的反响”为同义替换。
27 答案 D largely overshadowed
解析：细节题。根据题干，题干中出现大写the National Trust，定位到第二段首句the National Trust该句。二段首句只是对Hill的该项目做介绍，需向后看影响。往下可以读到Hill’s pressure这句，写到“Hill的项目创造出国家公园和绿地。他们不再制造乡村了，而且每年钢筋混凝土消耗的乡村越来越多。乡村需要持久的保护”。对应选项，该项目的成就很大程度上被夺取了光辉。
28 答案 A Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation
解析：推断题。题干问的是从第三段能推出什么，考察的是相应段落的段落中心。观察选项不难发现，选项中都是大写的Ukip，The Conservatives，The Liberal Democrats，Labour。可根据选项中的大写回段落中寻找，发现Ukip所在的定位句为Only的倒装强调句(倒装强调句往往为答案所在处)。该句子意思是：只有Ukip意识到其机会，并支持这些人。和选项A对应一下，Ukipp可能能从其对农村保护的支持中获得好处，是同义替换。
29 答案 B Shows his disregard for the character of rural areas
解析：细节题 问的是作者对于奥斯本的偏好(观点)的具体看法。根据关键词奥斯本定位至第五段，因为问的是作者对于奥斯本观点的看法，所以只需要看在奥斯本的观点之后作者的表达内容，第五段倒数两句话就是作者表达自己观点的地方，即“我们没有破坏城市中受到保护的地方”，“你们为什么要破坏乡村的呢?”这就说明奥斯本一方的观点是要破坏乡村环境。所以可得出答案是奥斯本想法表明了他对于乡村人们的忽视。
30 答案 C the-town-and-country planning in Britain
解析：根据题干定位到最后一段，问的是作者欣赏赞同什么，作者的观点即是文章末段的段落中心，可定位到末段末句。末句指出，避免this会将左右党派联系起来，this代词指代指代上句中所提到的内容。Should即作者赞同的地方，也就是作者赞同的是城乡结合。
31 答案 B Skepticism
解析：作者观点态度题。题干问的是作者对有关CSR方面Milton Friedman的说法是什么态度。根据大写Milton Friedman这个人定位到定位到首段首句。注意题干问的是作者的看法，因此定位到后一句but转折处。转折处的主题句式“things may not absolutely clear-cut”，作者持的是否定态度，选择答案B。C选项是作者态度不明确，不能选择。
考研英语阅读理解短语一4
2014考研英语阅读理解短语必备（三）
101.by chance （=accidentally， by accident）偶然
102.for a change换换环境（花样等）
103.charge sb. with …控告某人犯有…
104.in charge of （=responsible for）负责（某事） in the charge of …由…管
105.take charge of （=to be or become responsible for）负责管理（照顾）
106.charge…for因…索取（费用）， charge sb. with sth.控告某人犯有…
107.round the clock （=all day and all night， usually without stopping）昼夜不停地
108.comment on评论
109.commit oneself to使自己承担… commit sb. to prison把某人送进监狱； commit one"s idea to writing把某人的想法写下来； commit a matter to a committee把某事交给委员会讨论
110.in common （和…）有共同之处，共用。 be common to sb.是与某人所共有的
111.keep company with （=be friendly and go out together）和…要好。
112.compare…with …把…与…比较
113.compare…to…把…比作…
114.by comparison比较起来
115.in comparison with （=in contrast to）和…比起来
116.compensate for （=give sth. to make up for）补偿，赔偿，弥补compensate sb. for sth.赔偿，弥补
117.complain of （or about）抱怨；诉苦；控告； complain about抱怨某人或事情； complain to sb. about sth. （or sb.）向某人抱怨…； complain （抱怨）； complement （补充）； compliment （恭维）
118.comply with （=act in accordance with a demand， order， rule etc.）遵守，依从
119.conceive of （think of， imagine， consider）想象，设想
120.concentrate on （or upon）集中，专心
121.be concerned with （=about）与…有关
122.concern oneself about / with关心
123.in conclusion （=as the last thing）最后一点； at the conclusion of当…结束时；
124.condemn sb. to判决
125.on condition that （=if）以…为条件，假如。 in that = because因为； now that = since既然；for all that = although尽管
126.in / out of condition （=thoroughly healthy or fit / not fit）健康状况好/不好。 in good （bad） condition处于良好（坏）状态
127.confess （to）（=admit a fault， crime， or sth. wrong）承认，供认； confess to a crime承认罪行。
128.confide in （=to talk freely to sb. about one"s secret）对…讲真心话，依赖
129.in confidence推心置腹地； with confidence满怀信心地； have confidence in对…有信心
130.confidence in sb. / sth.对…的信赖
131.be confident of有信心； confidential机密的
132.confine…to…把…限制在某范围内
133.confirm sb. in使某人更坚定（信念等）
134.conform to （=be in agreement with， comply with）符合，遵照，遵守；1） obey服从； 2） observe； 3） comply with照…办； 4） keep to遵循； 5） abide by服从；6） stick to按……做
135.be confronted with （=be brought face to face with）面对，面临
136.congratulate sb. on祝贺
137.in connection with （=with regard to）关于，
138.be conscious of （=be aware of）觉察，知道
139.consent to （=give agreement to permission）同意
140.in consequence （=as a result）结果
141.in consequence of （=as a consequence of）由于…的结果
142.under consideration在考虑中
143.in consideration of （=in return for， on account of， because of）由于
144.on no consideration （in no case）无论如何也不
145.take…into consideration （=take account of， take…into account）考虑到，把…考虑进去
146.considerate （=thoughtful of the needs）体贴的，考虑他人需要的， considerable相当大的`，值得考虑的
147.consist of （=be composed of）由…组成的。 consist in主要在于。 consist with符合，与…一致
148.be consistent with （=be in agreement with）与…一致。 be consistent in一贯的，
149.consult sb. on/ about sth.向…征求…方面的意见，就…向…请教
150.to one"s heart"s content尽情地，痛痛快快
